Objective To compile an Assessment Scale of Aspiration Risk for Nasal Feeding Patients,and to test its reliability and validity,aiming to provide a scientific and objective aspiration risk assessment tool for doctors and nurses. Methods The draft of the Assessment Scale of Aspiration Risk for Nasal Feeding Patients was constructed based on the literature analysis and 2 rounds of Delphi consultations. Using convenience sampling,the data of 122 patients with nasal feeding from November 2020 to March 2021 in tertiary A hospital of Shenzhen was collected,and item screening and the test of reliability and validity were carried out. Results The Assessment Scale of Aspiration Risk for Nasal Feeding Patients includes 3 dimensions,10 first-level items and 22 second-level items. The exploratory factor analysis extracts 3 common factors,and the cumulative variance contribution rate is 61.699%. The load value of common factors of each item is between 0.473 to 0.931. The correlation coefficient of the effective standard（whether aspiration occurs） is 0.739;the area under the ROC curve for predicting the risk of aspiration in nasal feeding patients is 0.961,and the confidence interval of 95% is between 0.929 to 0.993（P<0.001）;the content validity is 0.953;the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale is 0.739. Conclusion The Assessment Scale of Aspiration Risk for Nasal Feeding Patients has good reliability and validity,and it can be used as a tool in clinical practice to assist in the identification and prediction of aspiration.